1 June 01, 2020
Articles
1. Iliyasu A.A. Ibrahim, Muhammad Chindo
Toxicological Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dinya (Vitex Dodianna) on Liver Enzymes of Albino Rats
Central European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 3-6.
Number of views: 481 Download in PDF
2. Iliyasu A.A Ibrahim, Muhammad Chindo, Faisal Al-Amin, Halilu IbrahimCentral European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 3-6.
Abstract:
The research was piloted to establish the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaf extract of Vitex dodiana on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A – D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Vitex dodiana respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The activity of AST was slightly decreased to 6.5±0.20 in the rats treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract and slightly decreased to 5.2±0.12 and 5.0±0.33 in the rats treated with 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively when compared with untreated group (5.6±0.15) with no significant (P > 0.05) differences. The activity of ALT was slightly decreased to 2.5±0.11 in the rats treated with 300mg/kg body weight of the extracts and slightly increased to 2.64±0.17 and decreased to 2.4±0.04 in the rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively when compared with untreated group (2.8±0.31) with no significant (P > 0.05) difference. The result of ALP also showed no significant (P < 0.05) difference of serum ALP activity, though it was observed in the rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts the serum concentration decreased to 100.06±0.66, and 102.44±2.34 at 300 mg/kg body weight and 104.56±1.20 at 200 mg/kg body weight of the extracts, but no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed when compared with untreated group (106.26±8.51). The results revealed no significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of serum liver enzymes of the rats treated with the three different doses of Vitex dodiana extract when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of aqeous extract of Vitex dodiana was found to be relatively safe.
The research was piloted to establish the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaf extract of Vitex dodiana on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A – D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Vitex dodiana respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The activity of AST was slightly decreased to 6.5±0.20 in the rats treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract and slightly decreased to 5.2±0.12 and 5.0±0.33 in the rats treated with 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively when compared with untreated group (5.6±0.15) with no significant (P > 0.05) differences. The activity of ALT was slightly decreased to 2.5±0.11 in the rats treated with 300mg/kg body weight of the extracts and slightly increased to 2.64±0.17 and decreased to 2.4±0.04 in the rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively when compared with untreated group (2.8±0.31) with no significant (P > 0.05) difference. The result of ALP also showed no significant (P < 0.05) difference of serum ALP activity, though it was observed in the rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of the extracts the serum concentration decreased to 100.06±0.66, and 102.44±2.34 at 300 mg/kg body weight and 104.56±1.20 at 200 mg/kg body weight of the extracts, but no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed when compared with untreated group (106.26±8.51). The results revealed no significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of serum liver enzymes of the rats treated with the three different doses of Vitex dodiana extract when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of aqeous extract of Vitex dodiana was found to be relatively safe.
Number of views: 481 Download in PDF
Phytochemical Screening of Selected Varieties of Okro (Abelmochus Esculentus) Fruit
Central European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 7-11.
Number of views: 518 Download in PDF
3. Muhammad Zafar, Omer Kılıç, Mushtaq Ahmad, LubnaCentral European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 7-11.
Abstract:
Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is a plant with several varieties which are consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Its medicinal significance has been reported particularly on diabetes mellitus. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical quantities of selected varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extracts. Five varieties of the okra plant fruit were each extracted with methanol (80 %) using Soxhlet extractor. The extracts were concentrated at 30∘C under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator to a semi solid extract and finally air dried. Phytochemical contents of each of the methanol extracts of selected okra fruit varieties were evaluated. The results of the study showed different yields of extract where NHB-AI-B and Yar kolon okra fruit varieties recorded the highest % yield (22.85 and 17.11 %) respectively. Presence of phytochemicals like phenolics, saponins, Tannins, Glycosides and flavonoids were detected in all the varieties. In conclusion, the study showed that selected varieties of okra fruit extract varied in their quantities of phytochemicals and extract yields.
Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is a plant with several varieties which are consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Its medicinal significance has been reported particularly on diabetes mellitus. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical quantities of selected varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extracts. Five varieties of the okra plant fruit were each extracted with methanol (80 %) using Soxhlet extractor. The extracts were concentrated at 30∘C under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator to a semi solid extract and finally air dried. Phytochemical contents of each of the methanol extracts of selected okra fruit varieties were evaluated. The results of the study showed different yields of extract where NHB-AI-B and Yar kolon okra fruit varieties recorded the highest % yield (22.85 and 17.11 %) respectively. Presence of phytochemicals like phenolics, saponins, Tannins, Glycosides and flavonoids were detected in all the varieties. In conclusion, the study showed that selected varieties of okra fruit extract varied in their quantities of phytochemicals and extract yields.
Number of views: 518 Download in PDF
Taxonomic Study of Some Rare Species of Vitaceae from Pakistan by Foliar Micro-Morphological Approach
Central European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 12-17.
Number of views: 546 Download in PDF
4. Muhammad Zafar, Neelam Rashid, Mushtaq Ahmad, Omer KilicCentral European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 12-17.
Abstract:
The present study is insight into foliar epidermal anatomy for characterizing species and their utility in the taxonomic separation of certain taxa of family of Vitaceae from Pakistan. The studied foliar micromorphology of 5 species; Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) Planch, Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch, Ampelopsis vitifolia (Boiss.) Planch. subsp. hazaraganjiensis Nazim & Qaiser, Cissus trifoliata (L.) L., and Cissus quadrangularis L. was analysed and documented using Light microscopy (LM) for both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Epidermal cells observed were either polygonal or irregular shaped, with straight or undulate anticlinal walls. Two types of stomata observed were paracytic and anomocytic with elliptical shaped guard cell all the studied species except adaxial surface of Parthenocissus semicordata, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Ampelopsis vitifolia subsp. hazaraganjiensis. Trichomes were conical shaped, non-glandular either unicellular or multicellular. The quantitative parameters studied were size (length and width) of stomata, subsidiary cell, guard cells, stomatal pore, stomatal complex, trichomes. There was much variation in the size of all the parameters investigated. These anatomical features may help in the discrimination of studied taxa and are of much significance for the plant taxonomist in the correct identification of taxa.
The present study is insight into foliar epidermal anatomy for characterizing species and their utility in the taxonomic separation of certain taxa of family of Vitaceae from Pakistan. The studied foliar micromorphology of 5 species; Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) Planch, Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch, Ampelopsis vitifolia (Boiss.) Planch. subsp. hazaraganjiensis Nazim & Qaiser, Cissus trifoliata (L.) L., and Cissus quadrangularis L. was analysed and documented using Light microscopy (LM) for both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Epidermal cells observed were either polygonal or irregular shaped, with straight or undulate anticlinal walls. Two types of stomata observed were paracytic and anomocytic with elliptical shaped guard cell all the studied species except adaxial surface of Parthenocissus semicordata, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Ampelopsis vitifolia subsp. hazaraganjiensis. Trichomes were conical shaped, non-glandular either unicellular or multicellular. The quantitative parameters studied were size (length and width) of stomata, subsidiary cell, guard cells, stomatal pore, stomatal complex, trichomes. There was much variation in the size of all the parameters investigated. These anatomical features may help in the discrimination of studied taxa and are of much significance for the plant taxonomist in the correct identification of taxa.
Number of views: 546 Download in PDF
Morphological Description of Some Forage Legumes of Pakistan
Central European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 18-22.
Number of views: 512 Download in PDF
5. Central European Journal of Botany, 2020, 6(1): 18-22.
Abstract:
Legumes are one of the most important forages in the world. Many Leguminosae members have economic importance, ethnobotanical and medicinal values. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological parameters of twenty five forage legume species. In total, 16 vegetative and reproductive characters have been studied. The morphological features were studied directly from the fresh specimens by using hand lens and dissecting microscope. Quantitative data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. The most variable characters observed were; type of leaf lamina, shape of leaf apex and base, stem type and texture, flower color and size, fruit type and size, fruit indumentum. This study concluded that morphology of legumes is not just a biological pursuit but can aid in forage managing systems. In addition, more research should take into consideration the ecological forces on these Fabaceae taxa, which deserve care with regard to administration issues and sustainability.
Legumes are one of the most important forages in the world. Many Leguminosae members have economic importance, ethnobotanical and medicinal values. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological parameters of twenty five forage legume species. In total, 16 vegetative and reproductive characters have been studied. The morphological features were studied directly from the fresh specimens by using hand lens and dissecting microscope. Quantitative data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. The most variable characters observed were; type of leaf lamina, shape of leaf apex and base, stem type and texture, flower color and size, fruit type and size, fruit indumentum. This study concluded that morphology of legumes is not just a biological pursuit but can aid in forage managing systems. In addition, more research should take into consideration the ecological forces on these Fabaceae taxa, which deserve care with regard to administration issues and sustainability.
Number of views: 512 Download in PDF